‘Without a sufficient proportion of that [female] sex it is well known that it would be impossible to preserve the settlement from gross irregularities and disorders’. Heads of a Plan for Botany Bay, Historical Records of New South Wales, Vol. 1. Parts 1 & 2
‘Genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethical, racial or religious group, such as; killing members of the group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; imposing measures intending to prevent births within the group; transferring children of the group to another group’. Article 2, United Nations 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.
1788-1868: In the period 1788 to 1868 Britain transported approximately 163,000 convicted criminals to New Holland, then New South Wales, of whom only 25,000 were women. Of these 12,500 went directly to Van Diemens Land now Tasmania.
Britain sent 10,000 male criminals and zero women prisoners to West Australia between 1858 and 1868. Transportation, England to Australia, ended there in 1868.